Marine protected areas in 'nonlinear' ecosystems
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Marine protected areas and the governance of marine ecosystems and fisheries.
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are spatially defined marine units in which one or more human activities— particularly fishing—are restricted or prohibited. They represent a precautionary and ecosystem-based approach to ocean management (Mangel 2000; Pikitch et al. 2004; Jones 2006). The 1992 Convention for Biological Diversity set a target for 10% of the global marine area to be designated as MP...
متن کاملGuidelines for Marine Protected Areas
These Guidelines are designed to be used in association with other publications which cover relevant subjects in greater detail. In particular, users are encouraged to refer to the following: Founded in 1948, The World Conservation Union brings together States, government agencies and a diverse range of non-governmental organizations in a unique world partnership: over 900 members in all, sprea...
متن کاملClimate Change, Coral Reef Ecosystems, and Management Options for Marine Protected Areas
Marine protected areas (MPAs) provide place-based management of marine ecosystems through various degrees and types of protective actions. Habitats such as coral reefs are especially susceptible to degradation resulting from climate change, as evidenced by mass bleaching events over the past two decades. Marine ecosystems are being altered by direct effects of climate change including ocean war...
متن کاملClimate Warming, Marine Protected Areas and the Ocean-Scale Integrity of Coral Reef Ecosystems
Coral reefs have emerged as one of the ecosystems most vulnerable to climate variation and change. While the contribution of a warming climate to the loss of live coral cover has been well documented across large spatial and temporal scales, the associated effects on fish have not. Here, we respond to recent and repeated calls to assess the importance of local management in conserving coral ree...
متن کاملThe worldwide costs of marine protected areas.
Declines in marine harvests, wildlife, and habitats have prompted calls at both the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development and the 2003 World Parks Congress for the establishment of a global system of marine protected areas (MPAs). MPAs that restrict fishing and other human activities conserve habitats and populations and, by exporting biomass, may sustain or increase yields of nearby fis...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences
سال: 2003
ISSN: 0962-8452,1471-2954
DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2003.0074